To help them care for patients, doctors are programming apps and supplying AI with data. At Berlin’s Charité hospital, Professor Surjo Soekadar is researching how neurotechnology might support paralysis patients in their everyday lives – for example, via assistance systems that are controlled via their thoughts.

This could offer hope to people like Guido Schule and Anne Nitzer. Nitzer had a stroke shortly after the birth of her second child and has been unable to move or speak since then – even though she is fully conscious.

At Vienna General Hospital (AKH) Professor Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth has already developed an AI-based diagnostic tool that has been licensed for use. Nowadays, she is researching how AI could improve both the diagnosis and the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This chronic eye disease can lead to loss of vision – even with treatment. This is a fate that Oskar Zlamala could face. But since the retiree began treatment at the AKH Vienna, he is hoping that it might be possible to halt the progression of his illness.

Computer science experts and medics are also working together to help the Essen University Hospital go digital. Dr. Felix Nensa and Professor Arzu Oezcelik are improving care for transplant patients with the help of artificial intelligence. AI can calculate the size of organs, like the liver, for example, much more precisely and more quickly than people – and thereby improve outcomes and the safety of the procedure.

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Mankind is still decades away from self-learning machines that are as intelligent as humans. But already today, chatbots, robots, digital assistants and other artificially intelligent entities exist that can emulate certain human abilities. Scientists and AI experts agree that we are in a race against time: we need to establish ethical guidelines before technology catches up with us. While AI Professor Jürgen Schmidhuber predicts artificial intelligence will be able to control robotic factories in space, the Swedish-American physicist Max Tegmark warns against a totalitarian AI surveillance state, and the philosopher Thomas Metzinger predicts a deadly AI arms race. But Metzinger also believes that Europe in particular can play a pioneering role on the threshold of this new era: creating a binding international code of ethics.

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